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The ((サンスクリット:नवविहार) "New Monastery", modern ''Nowbahār'', (ペルシア語:نوبهار)) were two Buddhist monasteries close to the ancient city of Balkh in northern Afghanistan. The temples and monasteries of Nava Vihara are spread over a very large area about south of Balkh〔Thomas Hyde:(Historia Religionis Veterum Persarum... ), London, 1700, pp. 29, 418, 493〕 above ''Chesme-ye Safā'' ((ペルシア語:چشمه صفا) "Clear Spring"), not far from the Koh e Alburz. ==Nava Vihāra as buddhist monasteries== Today they are called ''Takht i Rustam'' and ''Tapa e Rustam''.〔(buddhist stupa by ancient city Balkh )〕〔(Remains of 200ft high Buddhist stupa, now an army checkpoint, Top_I_Rustam, Balkh Mother of Cities, Balkh province )〕〔(Takht-i Rustam, mud remains of Nau Bahar monastery )〕〔(Takht-i Rustam, mud remains of Nau Bahar monastery )〕〔http://www.adventuretravelphotos.com/?Action=VF&id=4145269&pcp=41 Top i Rustam〕 Johann Martin Honigberger (for two years he studied archeology in Afghanistan 1932), Sir Charles Yate, 1st Baronet (1886) and Oskar von Niedermayer (1915) visited the two monasteries in Balkh and they mentioned in their travelogues. Charles Edward Yate was the first British officer who referred the ruins of Tope-i-Rustam and Takht-i-Rustam (e-book Eustam) as two "strange structures". The britishe officer calculated the two Buddhist monasteries pretty much according yards. His drawing is pretty accurate. Persian Tape or Pashto Topi means hill, but also hat, because in such a temple a hat like small cubes were built that ''Kabba i Zordust'' or Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, or ''cubes of puja''. Some call ''Naghara Khanah'' (drum house) or ''Kaftar Khanah'' (Dovecote). According to measurement of Yate, the construction and structure of top i Rustam is the following: :# Top-i-Rustam is a building, some 50 yards in diameter at the base, and about 50 feet in height. :# Takht i Rustam is a building 100 yards in length north and south, and 60 yards in breadth at the western and 20 yards at the eastern end〔http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/charles-edward-yate/northern-afghanistan-or-letters-from-the-afghan-boundary-commission-hci/page-21-northern-afghanistan-or-letters-from-the-afghan-boundary-commission-hci.shtml〕 Historical accounts report it as flourishing as an important centre of Buddhism between the seventh and eleventh centuries CE. It may have been founded considerably earlier, perhaps in or after the reign of Kaniṣka, in the second century CE.〔Historical reports referring to the monastery span from Xuanzang to Al Biruni.〕〔(History of Buddhism and Islam in Afghanistan, Last accessed 03 Jan 2008 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nava Vihara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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